Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets

Therapeutic Indication

Hypertension

Edema associated with heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or renal disorders

Adjunct therapy in hypertension management

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Hydrochlorothiazide

Tablet

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic used in the management of hypertension and edema. It lowers blood pressure by reducing sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water.

Speciality	Cardiology \| Nephrology
Tags	Thiazide Diuretic \| Hypertension \| Edema
Strength	25 mg
Packing Size	10 Tablets

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Mechanism

Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney. This increases urinary excretion of sodium, chloride, and water, thereby reducing plasma volume and lowering blood pressure.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Well absorbed orally; peak plasma concentration reached within 1.5–4 hours.
Bioavailability: ~60–80%.
Distribution: Plasma protein binding ~40%; widely distributed in tissues.
Metabolism: Minimally metabolized.
Excretion: Primarily excreted unchanged in urine.
Half-life: ~6–15 hours, supporting once‑daily dosing.

Side Effects

Dizziness
Fatigue
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hyperuricemia (gout risk)

Contraindication

Anuria
Hypersensitivity to thiazides or sulfonamides
Severe renal or hepatic impairment

Interaction

Digitalis glycosides (risk of arrhythmias with hypokalemia)
NSAIDs (may reduce diuretic efficacy)
Other antihypertensives (additive effect)

Warning and Precautions

Monitor electrolytes regularly
Use under medical supervision only
Caution in patients with gout or diabetes