Haloperidol Tablets

Mechanism

Haloperidol blocks dopamine D2 receptors, reducing excessive dopamine activity and controlling psychotic symptoms and motor tics.

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Well absorbed orally.
• Metabolism: Liver metabolism via CYP3A4.
• Excretion: Via urine and feces.
• Half-life: ~20 hours.

Side Effects

• Drowsiness
• Dry mouth
• Constipation
• Extrapyramidal symptoms (tremors, stiffness)
• Tardive dyskinesia (long-term risk)

Contraindication

• Hypersensitivity to Haloperidol
• Parkinson’s disease
• Severe CNS depression

Interaction

• MAOIs and antidepressants (risk of serotonin syndrome)
• Other antipsychotics (additive side effects)
• Alcohol and sedatives (enhanced drowsiness)
• Levodopa (reduced effectiveness in Parkinson’s)
• Warfarin (increased bleeding risk)

Warning and Precautions

• Monitor for **extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)** such as tremors, rigidity, and involuntary movements.
• Risk of **tardive dyskinesia** with long-term use; symptoms may be irreversible.
• May cause **neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)** — rare but life-threatening; watch for fever, muscle rigidity, and confusion.
• Use with caution in patients with **cardiac disorders** (QT prolongation, arrhythmias).
• Not recommended in **elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis** due to increased risk of death.
• Avoid abrupt discontinuation — taper gradually to prevent withdrawal symptoms.
• Caution in patients with **Parkinson’s disease** or seizure disorders (may worsen symptoms).
• Regular monitoring of **ECG, liver function, and blood counts** is advised during prolonged therapy.