Empagliflozin Tablets

Mechanism

Empagliflozin selectively inhibits SGLT2 in the proximal renal tubules, reducing glucose reabsorption and increasing urinary glucose excretion. This lowers plasma glucose levels and improves glycemic control.

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Rapidly absorbed; peak plasma concentration reached within 1.5 hours.
• Bioavailability: ~78% after oral administration.
• Distribution: Plasma protein binding ~86%; volume of distribution ~73.8 L.
• Metabolism: Metabolized primarily via glucuronidation (UGT2B7, UGT1A9, UGT1A3, UGT1A8).
• Excretion: Eliminated via urine (~54%) and feces (~41%).
• Half-life: Terminal elimination half-life ~12 hours, supporting once‑daily dosing.

Side Effects

• Urinary tract infections
• Genital mycotic infections
• Hypotension
• Polyuria
• Ketoacidosis (rare)

Contraindication

• Severe renal impairment
• End‑stage renal disease
• Hypersensitivity to empagliflozin

Interaction

• Diuretics (increased risk of dehydration and hypotension)
• Insulin or sulfonylureas (risk of hypoglycemia)
• Other antidiabetic agents (additive glucose‑lowering effect)

Warning and Precautions

• Use under medical supervision only
• Monitor renal function regularly
• Ensure adequate hydration
• Discontinue during acute illness or surgery

Dosage

As directed by the Physician.