Empagliflozin + Metformin Tablets

Mechanism

Empagliflozin inhibits SGLT2 in renal tubules, increasing urinary glucose excretion. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity. Together, they provide complementary glycemic control and cardio‑renal benefits.

Pharmacokinetics

• Empagliflozin Absorption: Rapidly absorbed; peak plasma concentration in ~1.5 hours.
• Empagliflozin Bioavailability: ~78%.
• Empagliflozin Half-life: ~12 hours, supporting once‑daily dosing.
• Metformin Absorption: Peak plasma concentration in 2.5 hours; food delays absorption.
• Metformin Bioavailability: ~50–60%.
• Metformin Distribution: Negligible protein binding; widely distributed.
• Metformin Excretion: Eliminated unchanged via kidneys; half‑life ~6 hours.

Side Effects

• Urinary tract infections
• Genital mycotic infections
• Gastrointestinal upset (nausea, diarrhea)
• Hypotension
• Lactic acidosis (rare, with metformin)

Contraindication

• Severe renal impairment
• End‑stage renal disease
• Hepatic impairment
• Hypersensitivity to either component

Interaction

• Diuretics (increased risk of dehydration and hypotension)
• Insulin or sulfonylureas (risk of hypoglycemia)
• Alcohol (increases risk of lactic acidosis with Metformin)

Warning and Precautions

• Use under medical supervision only
• Monitor renal and hepatic function regularly
• Ensure adequate hydration
• Discontinue during acute illness or surgery

Dosage

As directed by the Physician.