Clozapine Tablets

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Therapeutic Indication

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Psychotic disorders unresponsive to other antipsychotics
Reduction of suicidal behavior in schizophrenia
Schizoaffective disorders
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Clozapine

Tablet

Clozapine is an antipsychotic medication that is used to treat severe schizophrenia symptoms in people who have not responded to other medications.
Clozapine belongs to a group of medicines called antipsychotics. These medicines work on the balance of chemical substances in the brain which may cause mental illness.
Clozapine is prescribed in particular for people with schizophrenia. It is also known as a second generation antipsychotic (SGA) or atypical antipsychotic. Clozapine rebalances dopamine and serotonin to improve thinking, mood, and behavior.
Schizophrenia is a mental health problem that causes disordered ideas, beliefs and experiences. Someone with schizophrenia may have difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is imaginary; may be unresponsive or withdrawn; and may have difficulty expressing normal emotions in social situations.
Symptoms of schizophrenia include:

  • Hallucinations - imagined voices or images that seem real
  • Delusions - beliefs that are not true (e.g., other people are reading your thoughts)
  • Disorganized thinking or trouble organizi
  • Trouble speaking clearly
  • Lack of motivation
Clozapine may help some or all of these symptoms.

Speciality Psychiatry | Neurology | General Medicine
Tags Antipsychotic | Schizophrenia | Treatment-resistant | Suicide Prevention
Strength
  • 50 mg
Packing Size
  • 10 Tablets

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Mechanism

Clozapine has been shown to be an antipsychotic agent that is different from classic antipsychotics. In pharmacological experiments, it does not induce catalepsy or inhibit apomorphine- or amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour. It has only weak dopamine receptor-blocking activity at D1, D2, D3 and D5 receptors, but shows high potency for the D4 receptor, in addition to potent anti- alpha-adrenergic, anticholinergic, antihistaminic, and arousal reaction-inhibiting effects. It has also been shown to possess antiserotoninergic properties.

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Rapidly absorbed after oral administration; bioavailability ~60–70%; peak plasma concentration in 2.5 hours.
  • Distribution: Highly lipophilic; plasma protein binding ~95%; widely distributed in brain and peripheral tissues.
  • Metabolism: Extensively metabolized in liver via CYP1A2 (major), CYP3A4, and CYP2D6; active metabolite norclozapine contributes to efficacy.
  • Excretion: ~50% excreted in urine (mainly metabolites), ~30% in feces.
  • Half-life: ~12 hours after single dose; prolonged to ~14–26 hours at steady state.
  • Special Populations: Clearance reduced in elderly and hepatic impairment; smoking induces CYP1A2, lowering plasma levels.

Side Effects

  • Agranulocytosis (serious, requires monitoring)
  • Weight gain
  • Seizures (dose-dependent)
  • Hypersalivation
  • Constipation
  • Orthostatic hypotension

Contraindication

  • History of agranulocytosis or severe neutropenia
  • Uncontrolled epilepsy
  • Severe cardiac disorders (myocarditis, cardiomyopathy)
  • Hypersensitivity to Clozapine

Interaction

  • Smoking (induces CYP1A2, reduces efficacy)
  • CYP inhibitors (fluvoxamine, ciprofloxacin – increase levels)
  • Alcohol (enhanced CNS depression)
  • Other antipsychotics (additive side effects)

Warning and Precautions

  • Mandatory regular blood monitoring (WBC count)
  • Use under strict medical supervision
  • Monitor cardiac function during therapy

Dosage

As directed by the Physician.