Allopurinol Tablets

Therapeutic Indication

Chronic gout

Hyperuricemia (including chemotherapy-induced)

Recurrent uric acid kidney stones

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Allopurinol

Tablet

Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to lower uric acid levels in the blood. It is prescribed for gout, hyperuricemia associated with chemotherapy, and prevention of uric acid kidney stones.

Speciality	Rheumatology \| Nephrology \| Internal Medicine
Tags	Gout \| Hyperuricemia \| Kidney Stones \| Uric Acid Reduction \| Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
Strength	100 mg 300 mg
Packing Size	15 Tablets

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Mechanism

Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for converting hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. This reduces uric acid production, lowering serum urate levels and preventing crystal deposition in joints and kidneys.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Rapidly absorbed orally; peak plasma levels in ~1.5 hrs.
Distribution: Widely distributed; low protein binding.
Metabolism: Converted to active metabolite oxypurinol.
Excretion: Primarily renal excretion.
Half-life: Allopurinol ~1–2 hrs; oxypurinol ~18–30 hrs.

Side Effects

Skin rash (can be severe)
Gastrointestinal upset
Liver enzyme abnormalities
Rare: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis

Contraindication

Hypersensitivity to Allopurinol
Severe hepatic or renal impairment (use cautiously)

Interaction

Azathioprine and mercaptopurine (dose reduction required)
Warfarin (↑ anticoagulant effect)
ACE inhibitors and diuretics (↑ risk of hypersensitivity)

Warning and Precautions

Start at low dose to reduce risk of hypersensitivity
Monitor liver and renal function regularly
Discontinue immediately if rash develops

Dosage

As directed by the Dietician.