Ketoconazole is used in the treatment or prevention of fungal infections including blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, chromomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis.
Therapeutic Indications
- Dandruff
- Blastomycosis
- Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Recalcitrant Dermatophytosis
- Histoplasmosis
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action:
Ketoconazole, similarly to other azole antifungals, is a fungistatic agent which causes growth arrest in fungal cells thereby preventing growth and spread of the fungus throughout the body. Ketoconazole interacts with 14-α-sterol demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary for the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. This results in inhibition of ergosterol synthesis and increased fungal cellular permeability due to reduced amounts of ergosterol present in the fungal cell membrane. This metabolic inhibition also results in accumulation of 14α-methyl-3,6-diol, a toxic metabolite. The increase in membrane fluidity is also thought to produce impairment of membrane-bound enzyme systems as components become less closely packed.
How to Use:
Clean and dry the affected area. Apply a thin layer of the cream to the affected skin area as directed. This medicine is usually used for only 2 to 4 weeks. Wait at least 20 minutes after applying this medicine before you use cosmetics or sunscreen on the treated skin area.
Precautions:
- Do not use this medicine for a skin problem that has not been checked by your doctor
- The foam form of this medicine may make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Use a sunscreen when you are outdoors. Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds
- This medicine may cause a serious type of allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Call your doctor right away if you have a rash; itching; hoarseness; trouble breathing
Storage:
Store below 25°C. Protect from light.