Indications
It is used to treat number of Bacterial infections including: • Urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.
• Otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenza.
• Onsillitis caused by S. pyogenes.
• Uncomplicated gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Pharmacodynamics
Cefixime, an antibiotic, is a third-generation cephalosporin like ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Cefixime is highly stable in the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalosporins due to the presence of beta-lactamases, may be susceptible to cefixime. The antibacterial effect of cefixime results from inhibition of mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall.
Mechanism Of Action
Cefixime binds to one or more of the Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPS) which inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell wall, thus inhibiting biosynthesis and arresting cell wall assembly resulting in bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Only 40-50% is absorbed from the GI Tract (Oral); rate may be decreased if taken with food. Greater absorption occurs from oral suspension than tablets.
Distribution: Cefixime gets distributed in bile, urine (high concentrations); crosses the placenta. Protein-Binding: 65%.
Metabolism: The drug is not appreciably metabolized.
Excretion: 25 to 50% of the dose is excreted in the urine within 24 h. 60% Non-renal elimination; some is excreted via the faeces from the bile.
Precautions & Warnings
Bleeding disorders: This medicine should be used with caution in patients with bleeding disorders due to the increased risk of excessive bleeding. Regular monitoring of prothrombin time is necessary in such cases. Appropriate dose adjustments or replacement with a suitable alternative may be required in some cases based on the clinical condition.
Kidney Diseases: This medicine should be used with caution in patients with a known history of impaired kidney function due to the increased risk of severe adverse effects.Close monitoring of kidney function, appropriate dose adjustments, or replacement with a suitable alternative may be required in some cases based on the clinical condition.
Use in paediatrics: This medicine is not recommended for use in patients less than 6 months of age since the safety and efficacy of use are not clinically established.
Side Effects
Mild diarrhea, which gets resolved on discontinuation of cefixime.
Severe diarrhea and/or pseudo-membranous colitis are rare adverse effect.
Drug hypersensitivity reactions are also occurred rarely.
Contraindications
Cefixime is contraindicated, if someone is hypersensitive to any of its ingredients.
Storage
Store in a cool and dry place.
Keep it away from light and moisture.
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