Indications and Usage:
● Otitis Media
● Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
● Bronchitis
● Pneumonia
● Pharyngitis
● Sinusitis
● Skin or Soft Tissue Infection
● Gonococcal Infection - Uncomplicated
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Following oral administration in humans, azithromycin is widely distributed throughout the body bioavailability is approximately 37%. The time taken to peak plasma levels is 2-3 hours.
Distribution: Pharmacokinetic studies in humans have shown markedly higher azithromycin levels in tissue than in plasma (up to 50 times the maximum observed concentration in plasma) indicating that the drug is heavily tissue bound. Concentrations in target tissues, such as lung, tonsil and prostate exceed the MIC90 for likely pathogens after a single dose.
Elimination: Plasma terminal elimination half-life closely reflects the tissue depletion half-life of 2 to 4 days. Approximately 12% of an intravenously administered dose is excreted in the urine over 3 days as the parent drug, the majority in the first 24 hours. Biliary excretion of azithromycin is a major route of elimination for unchanged drug following oral administration. Very high concentrations of unchanged drug have been found in human bile, together with 10 metabolites, formed by Nand O-demethylation, by hydroxylation of the desosamine and aglycone rings, and by cleavage of the cladinose conjugate. Comparison of HPLC and microbiological assays in tissues suggests that metabolites play no part in the microbiological activity of azithromycin.
Mechanism of Action:
The mechanism of action of Azithromycin is associated with its effect on the function of bacterial ribosomes. Azithromycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and thus inhibits the biosynthesis of proteins of strains in pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, reaction inhibited translocation transpeptidation occurs, resulting in the formation and impaired capacity of the peptide chain, causing bacteriostatic antimicrobial effect. Besides, when used in high concentrations, at a relatively low density when microorganisms are in the growth phase, generic Azithromycin may have a bactericidal effect. This effect is usually resorted to in the treatment of conditions caused by hemolytic Streptococcus group A and pneumococcus.
High concentration of Azithromycin in infected tissues is also caused by the fact that phagocytes and macrophages transport it to the site of infection and release in the area of inflammation.
Contraindications:
The use of azithromycin is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, any macrolide or ketolide antibiotic.
Adverse Effects:
Side effects of Ondansetron hydrochloride and omeprazole magnesium are most likely to be minor.
●Hypotension
●Constipation
Conclusion:
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that Azithromycin used to treat Infections of the middle ear, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Pharyngitis, Sinusitis and Skin or Soft Tissue Infection because azithromycin is macrolide antibiotic and used to treat bacterial infections by binds to the 50S subunit of the 70S bacterial ribosomes, and therefore inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis in bacterial cells.
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